Because the WebXR Device API relies on other technologies—namely, WebGL and frameworks based upon it—to perform all rendering, texturing, and lighting of a scene, the same general lighting concepts apply to WebXR settings or scenes as to any other WebGL-generated display.
Lighting estimation
Lighting estimation is a technique used by augmented reality platforms to attempt to match the lighting of the virtual objects in the scene to the lighting of the real world surrounding the viewer. This involves the collection of data that may come from various sensors (including the accelerometer and compass, if available), cameras, and potentially others. Other data is collected using the Geolocation API, and then all this data is put through algorithms and machine learning engines to generate the estimated lighting information.
At present, WebXR doesn't offer support for lighting estimation. However, a specification is currently being drafted under the auspices of the W3C. You can learn all about the proposed API and a fair amount about the concept of lighting estimation in the explainer documnent that's included in the specification's GitHub repository.
In essence, lighting estimation collects this information about the light sources and the shape and orientation of the objects in the scene, along with information about the materials they're made of, then returns data you can use to create virtual light source objects that approximately match the real world's lighting.
References:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API/Lighting
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