While Flake8 gives you a basic "pass/fail" on complexity, Radon is a specialized tool that provides a deep-dive analysis of your code's "brain power" requirements. It calculates Cyclomatic Complexity, which measures the number of linearly independent paths through your source code.
Think of Radon as a "health check" for your future self: it prevents you from writing code that is so tangled it becomes impossible to test or debug.
1. How Radon Grades Your Code
Radon assigns a letter grade (A through F) to your functions and classes based on their complexity score. The higher the score, the more "branches" (ifs, loops, switches) the code has.
| Score | Grade | Risk | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - 5 | A | Low | Simple, easy to maintain, and easy to test. |
| 6 - 10 | B | Low | Well-structured, slightly more logic. |
| 11 - 20 | C | Moderate | Complex; you should consider refactoring. |
| 21 - 30 | D | High | Very complex; hard to understand and test. |
| 31+ | F | Extreme | Unmaintainable "spaghetti" code. |
2. Beyond Just Complexity
Radon offers more than just the C (Complexity) metric. It provides four distinct types of analysis:
* CC (Cyclomatic Complexity): Measures logic paths. High CC usually means a function is doing too many things at once.
* MI (Maintainability Index): A "magic number" (0-100) calculated using several metrics. A score below 65 is considered difficult to maintain.
* Raw Metrics: Gives you a count of logical lines of code (LLOC), source lines of code (SLOC), comments, and multi-line strings.
* Halstead Metrics: Measures the number of operators and operands to estimate the "effort" and "volume" of the code.
3. Why This Is Vital for LLM Projects
In LLM-based applications, logic can get messy quickly—especially when handling nested chains, fallback logic, and output parsing.
* Refactoring Guide: Radon tells you exactly which function needs to be broken down into smaller pieces.
* Testing Efficiency: A function with a CC of 15 requires at least 15 different test cases to cover every path. Radon helps you keep that number low so your test suite stays manageable.
* Code Review Focus: Instead of guessing which part of a Pull Request is "risky," you can use Radon to flag any function that drops below a "B" grade.
4. How to Run It
You can run Radon directly from the terminal to get a quick report:
* For Complexity: radon cc path/to/project -s (The -s shows the actual score next to the grade).
* For Maintainability: radon mi path/to/project.
> The Developer Pro-Tip: Most teams use Radon in combination with Flake8. While Flake8 tells you if you've crossed a complexity threshold, Radon tells you exactly how complex every single part of your app is.
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Next Step: Would you like me to show you how to set up a Git "Pre-commit hook" that automatically runs Black, Flake8, and Radon every time you try to save code?
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