2. Explanation of each component
Component | Responsibility | Why Kubernetes needs it |
|---|---|---|
etcd | Distributed key-value database | Stores Kubernetes cluster state, including Deployments, Pods, Services, Secrets, and configurations |
Kubernetes API Server | Main Kubernetes API endpoint | Receives requests from |
Controller Manager | Runs Kubernetes reconciliation controllers | Ensures actual cluster state converges toward desired state |
Scheduler | Decides which node should run a Pod | Considers resources, node affinity, taints, tolerations, and scheduling constraints |
Cilium CNI | Container networking and network policies | Provides Pod networking, routing, and network-policy enforcement |
AWS Cloud Controller Manager | Integrates Kubernetes with AWS infrastructure | Handles cloud-specific node and load-balancer integration |
AWS Node Termination Handler | Handles AWS instance interruption events | Helps gracefully drain nodes before supported termination events |
EBS CSI Driver | Connects Kubernetes storage to AWS EBS | Dynamically provisions and attaches persistent block storage |
CoreDNS | DNS service inside Kubernetes | Resolves Kubernetes Service names such as |
kOps Controllers | Manage or reconcile kOps-specific cluster resources | Help maintain the cluster infrastructure and its configuration |
One distinction: kOps is a Kubernetes cluster provisioning and lifecycle tool, while its in-cluster controllers perform more specific management functions. The exact responsibilities depend on which kOps components you have installed.

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