What does the below access_policy mean?

{

"Version":"2012-10-17",

"Statement":[

{

"Resource":"arn:aws:es:us-west-2:111111111111:domain/my-domain/*",

"Principal":{

"AWS":"arn:aws:iam::111111111111:role/allowedrole1"

},

"Action":[

"es:ESHttpGet"

],

"Effect":"Allow"

},

{

"Effect":"Allow",

"Principal":{

"AWS":"*"

},

"Action":"es:*",

"Condition":{

"IpAddress":{

"aws:SourceIp":[

"203.0.113.0/24",

"2001:DB8:1234:5678::/64"

]

}

},

"Resource":"arn:aws:es:us-west-2:111111111111:domain/my-domain/*"

}

]

} 

This JSON snippet represents an Amazon OpenSearch Service (formerly Elasticsearch Service) access policy. It is a resource-based policy that defines who is allowed to perform specific actions on a specific domain named my-domain in the us-west-2 region.

Here is the breakdown of the two statements included in the policy:

Statement 1: Role-Based Access

Effect: Allows the specified action.

Principal: Only the IAM role allowedrole1 in account 111111111111 is granted access.

Action: Restricted to es:ESHttpGet, meaning this role can only perform HTTP GET requests (read-only operations like searching or retrieving data) on the domain.

Resource: Applies to all resources within the domain my-domain.

Statement 2: IP-Based Access

Effect: Allows the specified actions.

Principal: Any AWS user (*) is theoretically permitted, but this is heavily restricted by the Condition block.

Action: es:* allows any OpenSearch/Elasticsearch action (including read, write, and administrative actions).

Condition: This access is only granted if the request originates from the specific IP addresses listed: 203.0.113.0/24 (IPv4) or 2001:DB8:1234:5678::/64 (IPv6).

Resource: Applies to the same domain my-domain.

Summary

This policy effectively creates two paths for access to your OpenSearch domain:

Authenticated Role Access: A specific internal IAM role is granted limited read-only access to the domain regardless of its origin.

Network-Based Access: Any user or process connecting from your trusted office/corporate network IP ranges is granted full administrative and operational control (es:*) over the domain.